How Do You Know the Signs of Snake Bite in Dogs and What Should You Do

While spending time outdoors with your dog can be an enjoyable experience, it’s important to be aware of the potential dangers that exist in nature. Snake bites on dogs are one of the most serious outdoor hazards, especially in areas where venomous snakes are common. Snake bites can be fatal if not treated quickly, and the effects of snake bite on dogs can vary depending on the species of snake, the size of the dog, and how quickly medical care is administered.

In this blog, we’ll walk you through the symptoms of snake bite in dogs, how to spot a snake bite, and the steps you should take if you believe your dog has been bitten by a snake.

Types of Snakes That Pose a Risk to Dogs

Not all snakes are venomous, but those that are can cause serious harm to your dog. The two primary types of venomous snakes that are commonly found in the United States are:

1. Pit Vipers
   This group includes species like rattlesnakes, copperheads, and water moccasins. These snakes are venomous and are the most common cause of snake bites in dogs. Their venom is primarily hemotoxic, meaning it destroys blood cells, tissues, and organs.
   
2. Coral Snakes
   Coral snakes are less common but still pose a threat to dogs. Their venom is neurotoxic, meaning it affects the nervous system, potentially leading to paralysis or death. Coral snakes are often brightly colored, with red, yellow, and black bands.

While most snake bites can be treated if handled quickly, the type of venom and the size of the snake will determine how serious the bite is. Bites from rattlesnakes or copperheads tend to be more dangerous for dogs due to the potency of their venom.

Signs of Snake Bites in Dogs

Recognizing the symptoms of snake bite in dogs is crucial for taking immediate action. Common signs of a snake bite on a dog include:

1. Localized Swelling at the Bite Site
   The most noticeable symptom of a snake bite is swelling at the site of the bite. This swelling typically occurs within minutes and can spread rapidly, especially in smaller dogs. You may notice a small puncture wound surrounded by redness and swelling.
   
2. Pain or Sensitivity
   Dogs bitten by snakes will often show signs of pain at the site of the bite. They may whine, growl, or act aggressively when the affected area is touched. You may also notice that your dog is limping or holding the affected limb in a stiff or abnormal position.
   
3. Pale or Bluish Gums
   Pale or bluish gums are a significant sign that your dog may be in shock, which can occur after a venomous snake bite. This happens because the venom affects circulation and oxygen delivery, leading to poor blood flow and oxygenation.
   
4. Excessive Drooling
   Dogs who have been bitten by venomous snakes often begin to drool excessively. This can be a result of the pain or an indication that the dog is struggling to breathe or swallow due to the venom’s effects on their system.
   
5. Vomiting or Diarrhea
   Vomiting or diarrhea can occur as a result of the snake venom’s effects on the gastrointestinal system. This is particularly common with bites from snakes like the coral snake.
   
6. Difficulty Breathing
   If the snake venom is affecting your dog’s breathing, they may begin to have labored or rapid breathing. This is a serious sign that the venom is interfering with their respiratory function and may indicate the need for emergency care.
   
7. Weakness or Lethargy
   After being bitten, your dog may become weak, lethargic, or uncoordinated. This is often due to the systemic effects of the venom, which can affect circulation, muscles, and organs.
   
8. Seizures or Tremors
   In severe cases, especially if the venom is neurotoxic (such as from a coral snake), your dog may experience seizures or muscle tremors. This is a sign of nervous system damage and requires immediate veterinary intervention.
   
9. Shock
   As the snake venom spreads throughout the body, it can lead to shock, which may include symptoms like rapid heartbeat, pale gums, and collapse. Shock is a life-threatening condition that requires urgent medical care.

Immediate Actions to Take If Your Dog Is Bitten by a Snake

If your dog is bitten by a snake, it’s important to remain calm and act quickly. Here’s what you should do:

1. Get Your Dog Away from the Snake
   First and foremost, ensure that you and your dog are safe by moving away from the snake. If you see the snake, try to identify it for later reference, but do not attempt to handle or kill the snake.
   
2. Keep Your Dog Calm and Still
   Stress and movement can cause the venom to spread more quickly through your dog’s body. Keep your dog as still and calm as possible by gently restraining them, and avoid letting them run or walk. The more your dog moves, the faster the venom will circulate.
   
3. Try to Identify the Snake
   If it’s safe to do so, try to identify the type of snake that bit your dog. This can help your vet determine the type of venom and the appropriate treatment. Take note of the snake’s color, size, and markings.
   
4. Call a Vet or Emergency Animal Clinic
   Contact your veterinarian or an emergency pet clinic immediately. Provide as much information as possible, including the location of the bite, the time of the incident, and any symptoms your dog is exhibiting. The sooner you call for help, the better the chances of successful treatment.
   
5. Transport Your Dog to the Vet
   If instructed by your vet, bring your dog to the clinic immediately. Keep your dog as still as possible during transport, and avoid giving them food or water, as it may cause them to vomit or worsen their condition.

Treatment for Snake Bites in Dogs

Once your dog arrives at the veterinary clinic, the treatment will depend on the severity of the bite and the type of venom involved. Common treatment options for snake bites on dogs include:

1. Antivenom
   For bites from venomous snakes like rattlesnakes or copperheads, the vet may administer antivenom to neutralize the toxins in your dog’s system. The earlier the antivenom is given, the more effective it will be.
   
2. Intravenous Fluids
   If your dog is in shock or showing signs of dehydration due to the venom, the veterinarian may administer IV fluids as part of the emergency treatment. This helps stabilize blood pressure, maintain proper hydration, and support overall recovery.
   
3. Pain Management
   Snake bites are painful, and your dog may be given pain medications to manage the discomfort. The vet will determine the appropriate dose based on your dog’s size and condition.
   
4. Wound Care
   If the bite site is infected, the vet may clean and dress the wound to prevent further complications. They may also perform debridement if the tissue is severely damaged by the venom.
   
5. Monitoring for Complications
   Your dog will be closely monitored for signs of worsening symptoms, including severe swelling, bleeding, or neurological symptoms. If necessary, your vet may conduct blood tests to check for organ damage.

When to Seek Emergency Care

If your dog exhibits any of the following symptoms after a snake bite, seek emergency care for pets immediately:

• Difficulty breathing or labored respiration
  
• Severe swelling at the bite site
  
• Loss of consciousness or collapse
  
• Excessive vomiting or diarrhea
  
• Seizures or tremors
  
• Pale or blue gums

Conclusion

Snake bites in dogs are serious emergencies that require prompt attention. Recognizing the signs of snake bite in dogs and knowing what to do can be the difference between life and death. If you suspect your dog has been bitten, contact your vet or an emergency pet clinic right away. With early intervention and appropriate treatment, most dogs can recover from snake bites and go on to lead healthy lives.

At North MS Pet Emergency, we specialize in emergency care for pets and are always ready to assist in cases of snake bites and other urgent health concerns. If you believe your dog has been bitten by a snake, contact us immediately for professional care.

Contact us now for immediate care, or visit us for emergency care for pets after hours.